The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 years.